Kleisthenes and Athenian Democracy — Vision from above or below?

Herodotus, Politics and Athenian Democracy

As is widely accepted by scholars, much of the Western philosophies have roots in ancient Greece. Among the most influential ancient Greek figures is the “Father of History,” Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who chronicled the history of the Persian Wars. Herodotus used the Histories as a medium for discussing the political trends of his time, specifically those in Athens. Herodotus shared his views...

Aristotle, the “Good Life,” and Athenian Democracy:

A mathematical model of Athenian democracy

A mathematical model of Athenian democracy (594–322 BC) is considered. Indicators of popularity, universality, and goodness are introduced to evaluate single political leaders, the Assembly, the Council of 500, and magistrates. The popularity is a spatial characteristic of representativeness, the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on a number of questions. The uni...

Parameterizing above or below guaranteed values

We consider new parameterizations of NP-optimization problems that have nontrivial lower and/or upper bounds on their optimum solution size. The natural parameter, we argue, is the quantity above the lower bound or below the upper bound. We show that for every problem in MAX SNP, the optimum value is bounded below by an unbounded function of the input-size, and that the above-guarantee paramete...

of state below and above

A unique parameterization of the QCD equation of state below and above T c We present a unique parameterization of the equation of state of strongly interacting matter in the temperature interval 0.6T c · · · 3T c at µ = 0 within a quasi-particle model based on quark and gluon degrees of freedom. The extension to non-vanishing baryon-chemical potential is discussed.